After 1575

England slowly drifts into civil unrest during the next few years, which also slows down the English Slave Trade, until about the 17th century.

• · In December 1577, Sir Francis Drake sets out to circumnavigate the globe with the financial help from the Queen. He returns September 1580.

• · In July 1585, the first English colony in the New World is attempted. Settlers landed in Roanoke Island, but were unsuccessful.

• · In November of 1585, Sir Francis Drake and Hawkins attack Spanish colony and sacks their slave-trading settlement.

• · In January of 1586, Francis Drake and Hawkins take over Santo Domingo and Cartagena, which leads to the English Spanish War.

• · The second English colony on Roanoke Island is in July of 1587. Some say they were unsuccessful because the settlers seemed to have disappeared when revisited by English ships in 1590. It is also believed the settlers may have been adopted into the Native tribes or split up into smaller groups.  

• · In 1597, Francis Bacon writes Of Plantations, which becomes an important text for British colonial discourse.

Francis Bacon

• · In March of 1603, King James I succeeds the crown.

James I

• · On May 1607, Jamestown becomes the first permanent British colony in North America.

• · 1612, the first permanent British colony in Bermuda. The colony was technically unofficial until about 1614, and in 1617 the fist slaves arrived.

• · In 1627, England established a colony on Barbados, bringing 80 settlers and 10 slaves.

• · In 1625, James I dies and Charles succeeds.

Charles I

During James I reign, he imposed added taxes on the people without the approval from Parliament. He also was not very frugal with money, increasing his financial problems. He was also anti-Catholic like Elizabeth and hostile towards the Puritans as well.

Charles was not any better than James, if not worse. During Charles reign, England was under great civil unrest. Charles pursued unpopular religious policies that were Catholic-like, imposed heavy taxes, and refused to work with Parliament. His time of reign was known as the Eleven Years Tyranny. There were many rebellions during this time and slowly lead to the Civil War.

 Sommerville, J. (n.d.). England 1603-1642. Retrieved December 9, 2015. 

 Carey, B. (2013, July 1). Slavery Timeline 1601-1700. Retrieved December 9, 2015. 

Gasper's taking the win

I found two slave voyages very interesting when I started to look at them. Both the first & second vessels began its voyage in Seville and ended's its voyage in the Americas. Their vessel owner for the first one was Rebolo, Francisco, the second one consisted him and Jorge, Gaspar. There wasn't much information on Francisco Rebolo, but I found interesting facts about Jorge Gaspar and his family. Jorge's were mercantile family in Seville. They have 5 ships which they used to make the voyages from Seville to the Americas. The Jorges were the leading family in Spanish-American commerce at the time being. Gasper Jorge supplied hundreds of slaves for the building of the fortress at Havana in the 1570s.

Gasper's ship was registered in year 1567. During the voyage some of the slaves were removed by pirates/privateers, they disembarked in the Americas. Now I don’t know if that means they were dropped in the Americas for the building of the fortress or if they just being shipped since the vessel owners were an human agency. There were some during this vessel voyage who went missing. There weren’t many slaves that survived at the end 22 passed away and only 18 came off the boat. This was an interesting voyage because as I wrote earlier Gasper’s family was well off and in the way of helping build a fortress. 

Slo:1,2,3,5,10

The Slave Trade: The story of the Atlantic Slave Trade:1440-1870.

Hugh Thoman(Simon and Schuster), 1970 pg118

http://www.slavevoyages.org/voyage/29571/variables

http://www.slavevoyages.org/voyage/29646/variables